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建筑賞析|木質(zhì)亭閣大變身！秘魯“自由空間”演繹文化新篇章

發(fā)布于：2025-02-10 13:00:34

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木質(zhì)亭閣大變身！秘魯“自由空間”演繹文化新篇章第1張圖片

K+M建筑與城市規(guī)劃事務(wù)所：秘魯歷史建筑后方的紅色木質(zhì)亭閣
K+M Arquitectura y Urbanismo slots red pergola behind historic building in Peru

由專(zhuān)筑網(wǎng)鄭京，小R編譯

秘魯本地的建筑與城市規(guī)劃事務(wù)所 K + M 事務(wù)所（K+M Arquitectura y Urbanismo）設(shè)計(jì)的 “自由空間”（Espacio Libertad）項(xiàng)目正式完工?！白杂煽臻g”是一座紅色的木質(zhì)亭閣，是專(zhuān)門(mén)為秘魯利馬市的一家歷史悠久的文化機(jī)構(gòu)搭建的一個(gè) “開(kāi)放式舞臺(tái)”。

這座木質(zhì)亭閣位于秘魯利馬市米拉弗洛雷斯區(qū)（Milaflores）的一座新古典主義宅邸后方，場(chǎng)地是一個(gè) 700 平方米的庭院，同時(shí)也是利馬法國(guó)文化協(xié)會(huì)（Alianza Francesa de Lima）的總部所在地。

Local studio K+M Arquitectura y Urbanismo has completed Espacio Libertad, a red timber pavilion that provides an "open stage" for a long-standing cultural institution in Lima, Peru.
The wooden pergola fills a 700-square-metre courtyard behind a neoclassical mansion in the district of Milaflores, home to the headquarters of the French cultural association Alianza Francesa de Lima.

木質(zhì)亭閣大變身！秘魯“自由空間”演繹文化新篇章第2張圖片

▲ “自由空間” 是位于利馬的一座木質(zhì)亭閣
Espacio Libertad is a timber pavilion in Lima

“自由空間”高達(dá)7米多，像一個(gè)“現(xiàn)代庇護(hù)所”一樣，它與周邊一些歷史建筑的房屋屋頂線互相映襯，旨在為利馬法國(guó)文化協(xié)會(huì)樹(shù)立新的形象，同時(shí)為法裔秘魯人構(gòu)建一個(gè)聚會(huì)用的社會(huì)場(chǎng)所。

“自由空間”的圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)由 20 根類(lèi)似高蹺的柱子環(huán)繞構(gòu)成，同時(shí)還設(shè)計(jì)有一個(gè)帶有 14 米長(zhǎng)木梁的頂篷，通過(guò)金屬連接件縱橫交錯(cuò)地固定在柱子上。

Standing over seven metres tall and matching the roofline of its neighbour, which was given heritage status in 2007, the "contemporary shelter" also aims to give the association a new presence on the street and act as a meeting place for the Franco-Peruvian community.
The pavilion's enclosure is formed by 20 stilt-like columns running around its perimeter. A crisscrossing canopy with 14-metre wooden beams is secured to the columns with metal joints.

木質(zhì)亭閣大變身！秘魯“自由空間”演繹文化新篇章第3張圖片

▲ “自由空間”建在一家文化機(jī)構(gòu)后方的庭院里
It was built in a courtyard behind a cultural institution

“自由空間”建筑結(jié)構(gòu)覆蓋著一層厚厚的透明聚碳酸酯板，可起到遮陽(yáng)擋雨的作用。同時(shí)透明聚碳酸酯板設(shè)有窗簾，拉上窗簾便可為演出或音樂(lè)會(huì)劃分出不同區(qū)域。

K + M 事務(wù)所聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人Marta Morelli表示：“我們一直在尋求一種解決方式，建筑不僅是一個(gè)多功能空間，而且人們從道路角度觀測(cè)時(shí)能感受到全新的建筑立面形態(tài)。我們的策略是不觸碰現(xiàn)有建筑，并且引入全新的當(dāng)代建筑結(jié)構(gòu)。這座亭閣通過(guò)其高度以及垂直元素的節(jié)奏與相鄰建筑形成對(duì)話，且不會(huì)與之形成競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系?！?br />
The structure is covered with a thick transparent polycarbonate sheet, which protects the space from sun and rain, and features curtains that can be drawn to create partitions for performances or concerts.
"We were looking for an intervention that would not only provide a multi-purpose space but also create a new facade for the building when viewed from the road", said Marta Morelli, co-founder of K+M Arquitectura y Urbanismo.
"The strategy was to not touch the existing building, but instead to introduce a new contemporary structure. The pavilion creates a dialogue with its neighbour through its height and rhythm of vertical elements, without competing with it," Morelli added.

木質(zhì)亭閣大變身！秘魯“自由空間”演繹文化新篇章第4張圖片

▲ 這座 7 米高的木制亭閣被設(shè)計(jì)為開(kāi)放式舞臺(tái)
The seven-metre-tall pergola was designed to be used as an open stage

“自由空間”木制亭閣項(xiàng)目位于新花園的中心位置，花園里有鋪設(shè)的地面、新種植的區(qū)域以及灌木和植被，旨在提升庭院的 “環(huán)境質(zhì)量”。

該建筑結(jié)構(gòu)采用從智利進(jìn)口的松樹(shù)制作地膠合木，同時(shí)用天然油脂染成深紅色。這種顏色與協(xié)會(huì)的品牌形象以及其外部柱子等建筑特色相呼應(yīng)。

據(jù)Morelli介紹，雖然目前膠合木在秘魯并未得到廣泛應(yīng)用，但這種材料使用壽命長(zhǎng)，且維護(hù)需求少，所以他們選用了這種材料。該事務(wù)所與木材制造商合作，在組裝過(guò)程中隱藏了結(jié)構(gòu)加固件和連接件。

K + M 事務(wù)所建設(shè)此項(xiàng)目的契機(jī)來(lái)源于一場(chǎng)由利馬法國(guó)文化協(xié)會(huì)舉辦的私人競(jìng)賽。Morelli表示，甲方給予的設(shè)計(jì)要求很開(kāi)放，他們只需將庭院改造成一個(gè)可舉辦各類(lèi)活動(dòng)的文化空間即可。

The pergola has been placed in the centre of a new garden, which includes paving, new planted areas and shrubs and vegetation designed to improve the "environmental quality" of the courtyard.
The structure is glued-laminated timber, made of pine imported from Chile and stained a deep red using natural oils. The colour mirrors the association's branding and architectural features in the main building, such as its exterior columns.
According to Morelli, glulam is not widely used in Perum but was chosen due to the material's longevity and limited maintenance requirements. The studio worked with timber manufacturers to hide structural reinforcements and joints in the assembly.
K+M Arquitectura y Urbanismo secured the commission after being invited to take part in a private competition run by Alianza Francesa de Lima. Morelli said the brief was open, and the studio was simply asked to adapt the courtyard into a cultural space, for various events and activities.

木質(zhì)亭閣大變身！秘魯“自由空間”演繹文化新篇章第5張圖片

▲ “自有空間”有一個(gè)縱橫交錯(cuò)的屋頂結(jié)構(gòu)
It has a crisscrossing roof structure

Morelli說(shuō)：“這個(gè)項(xiàng)目催生了一個(gè)新的文化中心，從字面意義和隱喻意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，它都充當(dāng)著一個(gè)‘開(kāi)放式舞臺(tái)’的角色。它不僅能舉辦演出、戲劇、講座和露天音樂(lè)會(huì)，還為眾多可能不適合在畫(huà)廊、劇院或音樂(lè)廳等傳統(tǒng)場(chǎng)所舉辦的文化和藝術(shù)活動(dòng)提供了一個(gè)免費(fèi)且開(kāi)放的平臺(tái)。通過(guò)這樣的設(shè)計(jì)理念，‘自由空間’項(xiàng)目超出了預(yù)期，豐富了我們城市的文化景觀?！?br />
"This project has given birth to a new cultural hub, serving as an "open stage" – both literally and metaphorically. It not only hosts performances, plays, talks, and open-air concerts but also offers a free and open platform for a wide range of cultural and artistic interventions that might not fit within traditional venues like galleries, theatres, or concert halls", said Morelli.
"By doing so, the Espacio Libertad has exceeded expectations and enriched the cultural landscape of our city", she continued.

木質(zhì)亭閣大變身！秘魯“自由空間”演繹文化新篇章第6張圖片

▲ “自有空間”建筑主要用天然油脂染成的紅色膠合木搭建
The glued laminated timber structure that was stained red with natural oils

現(xiàn)有的法國(guó)文化協(xié)會(huì)建筑始建于 1926 年，其最初是一所女子宗教學(xué)校，后來(lái)該校遷至利馬郊區(qū)后，于 1977 年被賣(mài)給了該協(xié)會(huì)。

K + M 事務(wù)所由建筑師Marta Morelli 和Sharif Kahatt于 2010 年創(chuàng)立，其總部位于利馬。該事務(wù)所已經(jīng)在秘魯不同城市完成了住宅、辦公和文化等各類(lèi)項(xiàng)目。

最近，Roman Bauer Arquitectos運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)建筑技術(shù)對(duì)另一家文化機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了翻新和擴(kuò)建。

The existing Alianza building was constructed in 1926 and was originally used as a religious school for girls before the school moved to the outskirts of Lima. The building was sold to the association in 1974.
K+M Arquitectura y Urbanismo was founded by Marta Morelli and Sharif Kahatt in 2010 and is based in Lima. The studio has completed housing, office and cultural projects in different cities around Peru.
Recently, Roman Bauer Arquitectos renovated and expanded another cultural institution using traditional building techniques.

木質(zhì)亭閣大變身！秘魯“自由空間”演繹文化新篇章第7張圖片