設(shè)計(jì)單位? NAS Architecture + GTA

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)? 法國(guó)蒙彼利埃

建成時(shí)間? 2025年

面積? 2350平方米（室內(nèi)）+1150平方米（室外）

本文英文原文由NAS Architecture提供，由有方編譯。

建筑過去是蒙彼利埃音樂學(xué)院的附樓，位于écusson歷史街區(qū)中心，毗鄰圣皮埃爾大教堂，具有重要的歷史遺產(chǎn)價(jià)值。自1679年被烏蘇拉會(huì)收購(gòu)并設(shè)立圣查爾斯之家以來，該建筑群經(jīng)歷了多次改擴(kuò)建，尤其在20世紀(jì)期間。本次改造的目標(biāo)，是對(duì)原建筑進(jìn)行全面修復(fù)，為皮埃爾與科萊特·蘇拉熱小學(xué)（Pierre and Colette Soulages Primary School）提供空間。

The building of the former annex of the Montpellier Music Conservatory, located in the heart of the écusson district and in close proximity to the Saint-Pierre Cathedral, holds significant heritage value. Since it was acquired by the Ursulines in 1679 to establish the Saint-Charles House, the complex has undergone numerous modifications and substantial densification, particularly during the 20th century.Our intervention consisted of a complete rehabilitation of the building to accommodate the Pierre and Colette Soulages Primary School.

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，在修復(fù)過程中我們采用了“減法”策略。通過細(xì)致的考古調(diào)研和對(duì)特色元素的識(shí)別，我們確立了設(shè)計(jì)方法：既保護(hù)和加固重要特征，又大膽進(jìn)行局部拆除，以重塑場(chǎng)地本質(zhì)。

To achieve this, we adopted a subtractive approach. Through a meticulous process of archaeological assessment and identification of remarkable elements, we developed a methodology for preserving and reinforcing key features while making bold decisions about demolitions to recover the site's essence.

我們的設(shè)計(jì)恢復(fù)原有的空間通透性，有效降低了建筑密度，同時(shí)將自然光線引入建筑核心。全新的庭院空間揭示了布里薩克府邸（H?tel de Brissac）原本的院落格局。小教堂部分也通過拆除1990年代新增的夾層，重新恢復(fù)了其原有空間尺度。

Restoring original porosity helped reduce density and bring natural light into the heart of the building, symbolized by a patio which reveals the original layout of the Courtyard of the H?tel de Brissac. The chapel also regained its original volume following the removal of an intermediate floor added in the 1990s.

這項(xiàng)復(fù)雜且要求極高的修復(fù)工程，在普通公眾使用需求與歷史記憶保護(hù)之間取得了平衡，創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)以兒童福祉為核心的全新獨(dú)特空間。

This complex and demanding rehabilitation process, balancing secular considerations and memory preservation, enabled the creation of a new, unique place where children’s well-being is valued above all.

重構(gòu)的通透性

A Rediscovered Porosity

庭院成為小學(xué)的中心空間。從主入口可以直接到達(dá)庭院，并通過一條宏偉的通道連接至操場(chǎng)。這一布局呼應(yīng)了烏蘇拉會(huì)修道院最初的平面設(shè)計(jì)：大庭院與花園相連。當(dāng)時(shí)的大庭院則是今日的庭院，花園則轉(zhuǎn)化為了現(xiàn)在的操場(chǎng)。

The patio becomes the central space of the Primary School. Directly accessible from the entrance, it serves as a link to the playground via a monumental passage. This gesture directly references the original plan of the Ursuline Convent, which connected the Grand Courtyard—now the patio—to the gardens, transformed into today’s playground.

拆除20世紀(jì)加建的遮擋物后，圣查爾斯之家與布里薩克府邸的歷史立面得以重見天日。裸露的石墻訴說著建筑過往的故事。大樓梯的立面重新恢復(fù)了原有的開口，重新建立起實(shí)體與空隙的節(jié)奏感，并為訪客提供了眺望大教堂尖頂?shù)男乱暯?。諸如20世紀(jì)新開的門洞等過去增改的痕跡，被保留下來作為建筑表面的空缺印記，作為建筑演變歷史的可視化記錄。

Demolition of the 20th-century constructions that obstructed this area revealed the historic facades of the Saint-Charles House and the H?tel de Brissac. Every wall surface tells a story through its exposed stonework. The grand staircase’s fa?ade has regained its original function, with reopened historical openings that re-establish the rhythm of solid and void associated with this important access point, also offering new views of the cathedral spire. Traces of past modifications, such as 20th-century wall openings, have been preserved as hollow marks, now forming part of the vertical surfaces that narrate the building’s turbulent history and evolution.

庭院還通過自然通風(fēng)促進(jìn)了熱環(huán)境的調(diào)節(jié)，形成一個(gè)宜人的微氣候。新開設(shè)的窗洞在整體空間布局中有著自己的個(gè)性，也使得各教室能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)良好的交叉通風(fēng)。

The patio also contributes to thermal regulation through natural ventilation, creating a refreshing microclimate. The new openings assert their identity within the overall space composition, allowing classrooms to benefit from cross-ventilation.

空隙構(gòu)建的空間序列

Sequencing Through Voids

三處超大的豎向開口劃分了建筑體量，清晰地標(biāo)示出歷史發(fā)展中的重要節(jié)點(diǎn)。第一處開口從學(xué)校的新入口處可見，標(biāo)志著法國(guó)大革命后1792年烏爾蘇拉修道院的出售，以及同期“西翼”的增建。

Three oversized vertical openings segment the building, revealing key historical junctures. The first one, visible from the school’s new entrance, marks the sale of the Ursuline convent in 1792 following the French Revolution and the simultaneous addition of the “West Wing”.

第二處開口從當(dāng)前庭院可見，它展示了1857年將前布里薩克府邸與加高的西翼連通、封閉大庭院的歷史時(shí)刻。第三處開口位于西翼山墻端，框景式地引導(dǎo)視線延伸至蒙彼利埃國(guó)家戲劇藝術(shù)學(xué)院——這座建筑曾與當(dāng)前的學(xué)校相連。1990年代的拆除行動(dòng)破壞了原有的城市肌理，如今只有這些大型開口標(biāo)志著它們的歷史。

The second one, visible in the current patio, highlights the 1857 connection between the former H?tel de Brissac and the raised West Wing, enclosing the convent’s Grand Courtyard.The third void, at the gable end of the West Wing, frame the gallery while directing the gaze towards the National School of Dramatic Arts of Montpellier, which was once connected to the current building. Demolitions in the 1990s erased the historical urban fabric—now only signified by these large openings.

大尺寸的鋁框窗戶為校園各處引入充足自然光，同時(shí)帶來全新的蒙彼利埃歷史城市中心視角。

Large-scale aluminium-framed windows provide generous natural light throughout the school while offering new perspectives on Montpellier’s historic city center.

設(shè)計(jì)選擇與世俗化

Design Choices and Secularism

小教堂作為場(chǎng)地歷史的重要標(biāo)志，具有特殊意義。1857年，它由建筑師Nulma Polge以新哥特式風(fēng)格建造，但在1990年代曾被大幅改動(dòng)，當(dāng)時(shí)加建了混凝土夾層，將原本完整的空間分隔成兩個(gè)音樂學(xué)院用的表演廳。此次改造的主要目標(biāo)，是通過拆除這一中間樓層，恢復(fù)教堂原有的空間體量。

The chapel is a powerful marker of the site’s history. Built in 1857 by architect Nulma Polge in a neo-Gothic style, it was heavily altered in the 1990s with the addition of a concrete mezzanine dividing the building into two performance spaces for the Conservatory. The main goal of the rehabilitation was to restore the original volume by removing this intermediate floor.

拆除后，整個(gè)空間以統(tǒng)一的方式處理，采用涂有石灰的無(wú)紡布覆蓋，以在不破壞原有裝飾的前提下統(tǒng)一受損墻面——盡管其中很多裝飾元素本身是年代不明的仿作。所有彩色玻璃花窗也被仔細(xì)拆除，按照傳統(tǒng)工藝修復(fù)后重新安裝。

Once removed, the entire space was treated uniformly with a lime-coated non-woven fabric to unify the deteriorated walls without damaging the decor, though many elements were pastiches of uncertain age. All stained glass windows were carefully removed, restored using traditional methods, and reinstalled.

添加的當(dāng)代的元素以一種低調(diào)的方式存在，避免破壞原有的建筑體量。供暖與通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)被整合進(jìn)地板，聲學(xué)和照明則通過獨(dú)立的金屬框架及張拉面料處理，為每一個(gè)空間賦予了新的韻律。建筑整體呈現(xiàn)出一種既有力度又十分克制的介入方式，通過尊重遺產(chǎn)的視角，回應(yīng)了公共學(xué)校所需的世俗性要求。設(shè)計(jì)將這座原本的小教堂轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)多功能活動(dòng)空間，直面了一座前修道院如今成為公立學(xué)校的矛盾性。

Contemporary additions are present but discreet, avoiding interference with the historic massing. Heating and ventilation systems were integrated into the floor, while acoustics and lighting were handled via freestanding metal frames with stretched fabric, adding rhythm to each bay. The result is a strong yet measured intervention, where secularism is addressed through the lens of heritage respect, turning the former chapel into a multipurpose activity room, acknowledging the paradox of a public school housed in a former convent.

室外空間的層次感

Stratification of exterior spaces

19世紀(jì)80年代左右，靠近花園一側(cè)增建了帶有鑄鐵柱、磚拱頂和金屬梁地板的連廊。這些走廊提供了遮陽(yáng)和避雨的空間，為一樓的教室?guī)砹藢挸ǖ膽敉庋由靺^(qū)域。由于存在多種結(jié)構(gòu)、消防安全和無(wú)障礙方面的問題，需要進(jìn)行全面加固后對(duì)公眾開放。如今，這些區(qū)域已經(jīng)成為功能完善的室外學(xué)習(xí)空間，良好地適應(yīng)蒙彼利埃的地中海氣候特點(diǎn)。

Around the 1880s, garden-side galleries were built with cast-iron columns, brick vaulting, and metal-beamed floors. These walkways provide shade and shelter, offering large outdoor extensions connected directly to the first-floor classrooms. Due to various structural, fire safety, and accessibility issues, comprehensive reinforcement work was necessary to open these areas to public use. These now-functional spaces offer shaded outdoor study areas—perfect for Montpellier’s Mediterranean climate.

操場(chǎng)被劃分成了兩個(gè)不同的層次。中庭的鵝卵石延伸至了上層操場(chǎng)，間距逐漸加大以促進(jìn)植物生長(zhǎng)。下層庭院則采用完全透水的木屑鋪面，周圍新種植了約十棵樹木。隨著時(shí)間推移，這里將逐漸形成一片小型城市森林，讓孩子們與自然直接親近。

The playground is divided into two different levels. The patio’s cobblestones extend into the upper playground, becoming more spaced out to encourage vegetation growth. The lower courtyard is fully permeable with a wood chip surface and around ten newly planted trees. Over time, it will develop into a small urban forest, nurturing a direct connection to nature.

以謙遜的姿態(tài)擁抱場(chǎng)地歷史

Embracing the Site’s Material History with Humility

建筑室內(nèi)空間的處理保持了克制和簡(jiǎn)潔。石墻堆積的覆蓋層被剝離，露出精細(xì)砌筑的石作，展現(xiàn)出建筑曾經(jīng)的功能特征。學(xué)習(xí)空間用混凝土材料向交通空間打開，混凝土保持原始噴砂處理，成為空間新身份的一部分。

The interior spaces were treated with restraint and simplicity. Stone walls were stripped of accumulated layers, revealing finely laid masonry that reflects former architectural functions. Concrete was chosen for its ability to open learning spaces toward circulation areas. Left raw and sandblasted, it now shapes part of the spatial identity.

其他介入手法則充分運(yùn)用了木材：從實(shí)木到穿孔墻板，再到纖維材質(zhì)的吊頂，以及用來優(yōu)化入口區(qū)域并隱藏技術(shù)設(shè)備管道的定制家具。

Other interventions favored timber in all its forms: from solid or perforated wall panelling, to fiber ceiling, and custom furniture installations to refine the entrances and conceal technical ducts.

所有樓板都被拆除，僅保留主梁。新的地面系統(tǒng)采用的施工工藝能夠保留下方主梁可見，并使用陶粒砂漿找平層和適用于教室的吸音地面材料。這樣的做法是希望為現(xiàn)代小學(xué)創(chuàng)造出最優(yōu)質(zhì)的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。

All floors were entirely removed, leaving only the main beams exposed. A new floor system was installed using a technique that preserved visible beams below, completed with a clay-bead screed and finished with appropriate acoustic flooring. These choices were made to provide optimal learning conditions aligned with the expectations of a contemporary primary school.

皮埃爾與科萊特·蘇拉熱小學(xué)成為了這片場(chǎng)地多重歷史用途之間的橋梁，接納了其多層次的歷史特質(zhì)——將其打開、劃分層次、重新詮釋，使其在蒙彼利埃市中心承擔(dān)起全新的重要角色。

The Pierre and Colette Soulages Primary School acts as a bridge between its many past uses, embracing its palimpsestic heritage—exposed, layered, and reinterpreted to serve a vital new role in Montpellier’s city center.

通過審慎的“減法”，項(xiàng)目將光線、空氣與景觀重新引入建筑的每一個(gè)角落。在這里，建筑本身成為了一種教育工具，通過可見的線索、痕跡與謎團(tuán)，激發(fā)孩子們對(duì)這片豐富歷史場(chǎng)地的好奇心。

Through thoughtful subtraction, the project brings light, air, and views back to every corner. Here, architecture becomes a pedagogical tool, nurturing children’s curiosity through visible clues, traces, and mysteries from the site's rich history.

設(shè)計(jì)圖紙 ▽

完整項(xiàng)目信息

Project Name: Pierre and Colette Soulages Primary School

Location: Montpellier, Hérault (34), 3 Rue du Candolle

Client: City of Montpellier

Surface Area: 2,350 m2 (interior) + 1,150 m2 (exterior)

Program: Primary School (4 Kindergarten Classrooms, 5 Elementary Classrooms, Activity Room, Dining Area, Shared/Common Spaces)

Schedule: Tender – 2019, Completion – 2025

Project Team: NAS Architecture (Lead Architect), GTA (Associate Architect), EUPALINOS (Heritage Architect), ESKIS (Landscape Architect), P3G (Multidisciplinary Engineering Consultant), GAPIRA (Fire Safety Coordinator), SIGMA (Acoustic Consultant), BPTEC (Cost Consultant)

Photography: ?Severin Malaud

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