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前言
Preface
當(dāng)城市化進(jìn)程讓鄉(xiāng)村逐漸成為城市的另一種變體，鄉(xiāng)村失去了鄉(xiāng)愁，同時(shí)又未能獲得足夠的優(yōu)勢與反哺。面對日益加劇的農(nóng)村人口老齡化、空心化等現(xiàn)象，如何通過設(shè)計(jì)重新激發(fā)鄉(xiāng)村活力并向城市人展現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)間生活魅力，是近些年社會上熱議的話題。
When the urbanization process makes the rural areas gradually become another variant of the city, the countryside loses its nostalgia and at the same time fails to get enough advantages and supports. Facing the increasing aging and hollowing out of the rural population, how to revitalize the villages through design and show the charm of countryside life to the urban people has been the hot social issues in recent years.
▲“母親住宅”街景 ©朱雨蒙
▲Street view outside the “Mother’s House” ©Zhu Yumeng
實(shí)際上，隨著農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)日趨完善，且不再受制于物流不暢和信息不通，如今的鄉(xiāng)村有機(jī)會與城市互為補(bǔ)充，并連接成一體。當(dāng)在城市打拼的年輕人想要額外購置住房就近贍養(yǎng)父母，并希望閑暇時(shí)能夠從繁忙的效率、指標(biāo)、任務(wù)中抽離，感受大家庭的精神慰藉時(shí)，近郊便成為了最好的選擇。
In fact, with better infrastructure and no longer constrained by the disadvantages of poor logistics and information, the countryside today has the opportunity to complement and connect with the city. Young people working in the city want to purchase additional housing to support their parents nearby. They need to take a break from their busy schedules of efficiency, targets, and tasks in their spare time, and feel the warmth of the family, the suburbs become the best choice for them.
▲鄉(xiāng)村新生活下的居住構(gòu)想 ©朱雨蒙
▲Residential concepts for a new life in the countryside ©Zhu Yumeng
不遠(yuǎn)的未來，鄉(xiāng)村將具備流動、多元、互聯(lián)的特質(zhì)，提供城市里無法獲得的空間體驗(yàn)和生活方式。新的鄉(xiāng)村能夠吸引新的鄉(xiāng)村人，并帶來新的社區(qū)形態(tài)。“母親住宅”項(xiàng)目正是在此契機(jī)下誕生的一個(gè)助力鄉(xiāng)村振興的獨(dú)立實(shí)驗(yàn)樣本。建筑師重構(gòu)了鄉(xiāng)間現(xiàn)代家庭的生活場景，為房山西營村與北京城區(qū)建立新聯(lián)系提供了一份答案。
In the near future, the countryside will be mobile, perse and interconnected, offering spatial experiences and lifestyles not available in cities. New villages will attract new villagers and bring new forms of community. The “Mother’s House” project was born in this context as an independent experimental sample to help revitalize the villages. The architects reconstructed the living scene of a modern family in the countryside, and provided an answer for Xiying Village in Fangshan District to establish a new connection with the urban area of Beijing.
▲“母親住宅”軸測爆炸圖 ©CPLUS
▲Exploded axonometric view of the “Mother’s House” ©CPLUS
▲手工模型 ©CPLUS
▲Hand model ©CPLUS
母親住宅
Mother’s House
走向鄉(xiāng)村新生活
Towards a New Rural Life
一座帶庭院的獨(dú)立住宅，寄托了大量中國城市家庭對理想居住的憧憬。盡管今天高密度的城市環(huán)境已難以向居民提供獨(dú)屬的院落空間，在近郊廣袤的土地上卻依舊孕育著無限的可能性。
An independent house with a courtyard is the vision of ideal living for a vast number of Chinese city families. Although today’s high-density urban environments can no longer provide residents with exclusive courtyard spaces, the vast lands in the suburbs still offer unlimited possibilities.
▲暮色下的“母親住宅” ©劉晶
▲“Mother’s House” in the twilight ©Liu Jing
北京西南六環(huán)外坡峰嶺腳下，散落著成片的村莊，“母親住宅”所在的西營村就坐落其間。按照最初設(shè)想，這座院子是為退休老人設(shè)計(jì)的，到了周末也可以成為祖孫三代團(tuán)聚的場所。為向撫育生命的母親致敬，特以“母親住宅”命名。
At the foot of Pofengling Scenic Spot, outside the Sixth Ring Road in the southwest of Beijing, there are scattered villages, and Xiying Village, where the “Mother’s House” located, is situated among them. This courtyard, originally designed for retired seniors, can also serve as a gathering place for three generations on weekends. And it was especially named “Mother’s House” in honor of the women who nurture life.
▲方格網(wǎng)街巷 ©朱雨蒙
▲Grid road network ©Zhu Yumeng
村內(nèi)房屋大多坐北朝南，每塊宅基地邊界相對規(guī)整，密集的農(nóng)宅和方格型路網(wǎng)勾勒出縱橫交錯(cuò)的街巷肌理。“母親住宅”主入口臨著基地東側(cè)的主街，南、北方向皆面朝小巷，西側(cè)院墻與鄰居共用。身處實(shí)地，建筑師開始在腦海中架構(gòu)理想中的鄉(xiāng)村居住場景，思考什么樣的建筑能夠符合這一想象，以及未來這里的生活又將發(fā)生什么樣的改變……
Most of the houses in the village face the south, and the boundaries of each homestead are relatively regular. The dense farmhouses and grid road network outline the pattern of streets and alleys. The main entrance to the “Mother’s House” is located on the east side of the site, fronting the main street, with both the north and south sides face the alley, and the west courtyard wall is shared with a neighbor. Under such actual site conditions, the architects began to structure the ideal residential scene of the countryside, thinking about what kind of buildings could fit into this imagination and how life here would change in the future...
▲住宅東側(cè)沿街立面 ©朱雨蒙
▲East elevation of the house ©Zhu Yumeng
內(nèi)與外相生
Inside and Outside
住宅不僅僅是居住功能的載體，也是文化的一種延伸。住宅的“內(nèi)”與“外”是中國傳統(tǒng)建筑文化里重要的一種關(guān)系，就像中國古代哲學(xué)中的“陰”與“陽”一樣彼此依存、互相促進(jìn)、不可分離?！巴狻辈⒉皇恰皟?nèi)”的附屬，兩者間是相互為用的關(guān)系，甚至設(shè)計(jì)“內(nèi)”是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)“外”?！澳赣H住宅”建筑與庭院的占地比例接近1：1，通過凹凸的圖底關(guān)系，展現(xiàn)了兩者間的動態(tài)平衡。
Housing is not only a carrier of residential functions, but also an extension of culture. The “Inside” and “Outside” of a residence is an important relationship in traditional Chinese architectural culture, just like the “Yin” and “Yang” in ancient Chinese philosophy, which are interdependent, mutually reinforcing, and inseparable. The “Outside” is not an adjunct to the “Inside”, but the two are mutually beneficial, and even the “Inside” is designed to realize the “Outside”. In the “Mother’s House”, The area ratio between the building and the courtyard is close to 1:1, and the dynamic balance between the two is clarified through the concave and convex figure-ground relationship.
▲空間生成示意圖 ©CPLUS
▲Schematic diagram of spatial generation ©CPLUS
入戶門外檐下的灰空間正處于宅基地中央，是整個(gè)院落的視覺中心和象征家庭凝聚力的精神場域。這處灰空間讓居住者在一年四季里的日?；顒佑辛烁嘞蚴彝庋由斓目赡苄裕囊箍沙孙L(fēng)納涼，冬日可在雪中圍爐煮茶，逢重要節(jié)日，全家人還能在此舉杯慶祝。
The gray space beneath the eaves of the entry door lies right in the center of the homestead, constituting the visual center of the entire courtyard and the spiritual field symbolizing family cohesion. This gray space enables residents to extend their daily activities to the outdoors throughout the year, enjoying the breeze on summer nights, making tea in the snow on winter days, and celebrating important holidays with the whole family.
▲檐下灰空間 ©劉晶
▲Gray space under the eaves ©Liu Jing
南立面上，各主要房間的窗口如同取景器一樣將庭院之中的風(fēng)景引入室內(nèi)，淡化了“內(nèi)”與“外”的界限。而內(nèi)向的院落既是人與自然互動的場所，又能保護(hù)室內(nèi)私密，就像一個(gè)超脫于外在喧囂的“內(nèi)向宇宙”。
On the south elevation, the windows of the main rooms act as viewfinders to bring the scenery of the courtyard into the interior, while blurring the boundary between “Inside” and “Outside”. The inward-looking courtyard is a place for people interaction with nature and protects the privacy of the interior, like an “Introverted Universe” that is free from the hustle and bustle of the outside world.
▲住宅南立面近景 ©朱雨蒙
▲South elevation of the house ©Zhu Yumeng
▲內(nèi)向的庭院空間 ©朱雨蒙
▲Introverted courtyard space ©Zhu Yumeng
水平與垂直同構(gòu)
Horizontal and Vertical
在建筑空間的整體設(shè)計(jì)上，建筑師借鑒亞洲傳統(tǒng)空間智慧拓展并延伸了水平方向上的空間層次，同時(shí)圍繞通高的中庭創(chuàng)造出連續(xù)且豐富的室內(nèi)豎向體驗(yàn)。
In the overall design of the interior space, the architects drew on traditional Asian spatial wisdom to expand the horizontal spatial hierarchy, and at the same time create a continuous and rich indoor vertical experience around the full-height atrium.
▲“母親住宅”剖透視圖 ©CPLUS
▲Sectional perspective view of the “Mother’s House” ©CPLUS
▲通高的起居空間 ©朱雨蒙
▲The full-height living space ©Zhu Yumeng
“母親之家”平面布局由東向西分為三段?？拷鹘值膹N房及餐廳單元相對熱鬧，從廚房窗口可以隨時(shí)觀察到院子里的情況。通高的中庭空間位于中段，作為起居活動區(qū)連接著各個(gè)房間。西側(cè)樓上、樓下各有一組臥室和衛(wèi)生間單元，安靜并確保隱私。二層?xùn)|側(cè)是一個(gè)書房，未來住戶也可以自定義使用場景，靈活置換成其他活動空間或者臥室。
The floor plan of the “Mother’s House” is pided into three sections from east to west. The kitchen and dining room units near the main street are relatively lively, and the yard can be readily observed from the kitchen window. The full-height atrium space is located in the middle section and serves as a living area. The west side has a set of bedrooms and bathrooms upstairs and downstairs for quiet and privacy. On the east side of the second floor, there is a study, which can be customized as an activity space or even a bedroom in the future.
▲餐廳一隅 ©朱雨蒙
▲Corner of the dining space ©Zhu Yumeng
▲二層書房 ©朱雨蒙
▲Study on the second floor ©Zhu Yumeng
▲二層次衛(wèi) ©朱雨蒙
▲Secondary bathroom ©Zhu Yumeng
▲二層次臥 ©朱雨蒙
▲Secondary bedroom ©Zhu Yumeng
由于是獻(xiàn)給母親的住宅，首層功能布置即可覆蓋老年人全部的日常生活需求，且室內(nèi)外不設(shè)臺階，高差全部用坡道解決，保障了高齡使用者的活動范圍。
As the house is dedicated to mothers, the functional arrangement of the first floor can cover all the daily needs of the elderly. There are no steps indoors and outdoors, and the difference in heights is solved by ramps, so that the range of activities for senior users is guaranteed.
▲首層老人的臥室 ©劉晶
▲Bedroom for the elderly on the first floor ©Liu Jing
設(shè)計(jì)還特意開放出圍繞中庭的豎向交通空間，不同角度的視線在不經(jīng)意間產(chǎn)生交匯，使家庭成員的交流更為立體和富有趣味。此外，南立面透明玻璃外墻最大程度延伸了空間縱深，人坐在中庭就能看到院子與天空。面積100多平米的住宅既實(shí)現(xiàn)了功能的多樣性，又加深了家人的羈絆。
The design also opens up the vertical circulation spaces around the atrium, so that the sight lines from different angles can meet, making the communication among family members more three-dimensional and interesting. In addition, the transparent glass wall on the south facade maximizes the depth of space, allowing people to see the courtyard and the sky while sitting in the atrium. With an area of more than 100 square meters, this house not only realizes the persity of functions, but also deepens the bond between family members.
▲“L”字形走廊 ©朱雨蒙
▲L-shaped corridor ©Zhu Yumeng
“V”字形屋頂與光線互動
V-shaped Roof and Light
出于對尺度和光線的雙重考量，“母親住宅”的屋頂呈“V”字形，屋脊壓低，東、西兩翼向外展開。反向坡屋頂?shù)淖龇ㄔ诒ＷC二樓房間舒適度的同時(shí)，又避免了中庭過高而造成的尺度失衡和空間冗余。從街道視角看，“V”字形屋頂勾勒出輕巧靈動的天際線輪廓，壓低的部分則為北側(cè)鄰宅盡可能留出視線和采光通道，避免了對鄰居的干擾。
Out of consideration for both scale and light, the roof of the “Mother’s House” is in the shape of a “V”, with the ridge lowered and outwardly spreading east and west wings. The reverse sloping roof ensures the comfort of the rooms on the second floor while avoiding the scale imbalance and spatial redundancy caused by the high atrium. From the street viewpoint, the V-shaped roof outlines a light and dynamic skyline, and the lowered portion of the roof leaves as much sight and light as possible for the next door house on the north side, avoiding interference with the neighbors.
▲“V”字形屋頂 ©朱雨蒙
▲V-shaped roof ©Zhu Yumeng
東、西山墻上的凸窗增加了立面的層次和趣味，并連同中庭兩道隔墻上的高窗洞形成了“光的通道”。一天中隨時(shí)間推移而變化的光線沿天花板斜面直達(dá)起居空間，讓整個(gè)住宅從早到晚的活動都充滿自然生機(jī)。
Bay windows on the east and west gables add layers and interest to the facade and, together with high window openings in the two partitions of the atrium, create a pathway for light. The sunlight that changes over the course of the day travels along the sloping ceilings right into the living spaces, filling the entire home with natural life from morning to evening activities.
▲光的通道 ©朱雨蒙
▲Channel of light ©Zhu Yumeng
材質(zhì)與色彩協(xié)調(diào)
Material and Color
建筑室內(nèi)外的主要材質(zhì)色彩皆為大地色系，與鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境融為一體。磚、石材、木材、金屬、織物以及涂料等各種材料，在明暗光線中交織出不同的溫度與質(zhì)感，帶給人自然、質(zhì)樸、溫馨、舒適的感受。
The main colors of the interior and exterior of the building are all earth tones, blending in with the rural environment. Various materials such as brick, stone, wood, metal, fabrics and paints interweave different temperatures and textures in the light and darkness, bringing people a natural, rustic, warm and comfortable feeling.
▲樓梯間轉(zhuǎn)角處的玻璃磚墻與黃銅扶手 ©朱雨蒙
▲Glass brick wall and bronze handrail at the corner of the stairwell ©Zhu Yumeng
設(shè)計(jì)圖紙
Design Drawings
▲總平面圖
▲General Layout
▲首層平面圖
▲First Floor Plan
▲二層平面圖
▲Second Floor Plan
項(xiàng)目信息
設(shè)計(jì)方：CPLUS
創(chuàng)始合伙人：程艷春、李楠
主持建筑師：程艷春
設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)：薄忱、劉曉光、周珂帆
項(xiàng)目類型：住宅
項(xiàng)目狀態(tài)：已建成
時(shí)間：2023年04月-11月
地點(diǎn)：中國，北京
建筑面積：144.2平方米
攝影：劉晶、朱雨蒙
視頻：釀影像工作室
Project Details
Design Firm: CPLUS
Founding Partners: Cheng Yanchun, Li Nan
Architect in Charge: Cheng Yanchun
Project Team: Bo Chen, Liu Xiaoguang, Zhou Kefan
Program: Residential
Status: Built
Dates: April-November, 2023
Location: Beijing, China
Area: 144.2 sq.m.
Photographs: Liu Jing, Zhu Yumeng
Video: Niang Film Studio
來源：本文由CPLUS提供稿件，所有著作權(quán)歸屬CPLUS所有。
本文版權(quán)歸腿腿教學(xué)網(wǎng)及原創(chuàng)作者所有，未經(jīng)授權(quán)，謝絕轉(zhuǎn)載。
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