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建筑賞析|王戶村“村民之家”有著中國農(nóng)村古老泥屋遺跡

發(fā)布于：2024-10-09 11:00:03

首頁/技術(shù)分享/建筑賞析

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王戶村“村民之家”有著中國農(nóng)村古老泥屋遺跡第1張圖片

villagers' home by UAD grows out of ancient mud house remnants in rural china

由專筑網(wǎng)韓慧慧，小R編譯

浙江大學建筑設(shè)計研究院（UAD）在中國浙江王戶村設(shè)計了一個村民活動中心，名為村民之家，設(shè)計師在該項目中構(gòu)思了很多公共活動空間，設(shè)計重點是將傳統(tǒng)建筑元素融入到現(xiàn)代設(shè)計手法中，使得該地區(qū)的建筑特色得以傳承。設(shè)計師將原有房屋的夯土墻殘余與現(xiàn)代混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)相結(jié)合，使得該活動中心就像是傳統(tǒng)建筑進一步發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代模樣。該項目中設(shè)計的功能有多種，如村民會議室、接待室、體育健身活動區(qū)以及電影放映室等。

The Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University (UAD) has created The Villagers’ Home, a series of public spaces in Wanghu Village, Zhejiang Province, China. The project focuses on preserving the architectural features of the region by incorporating elements of traditional structures into the design. Old mud houses and remnants of rammed earth walls were integrated with new concrete structures and modern technology, with the resulting building ‘growing’ naturally from the village’s historical context. The space serves various purposes, including village meetings, receptions, sports and fitness activities, and leisure events like movie screenings.

王戶村“村民之家”有著中國農(nóng)村古老泥屋遺跡第2張圖片

▲ 村莊肌理——圖片來源于UAD
the texture of the village | image © UAD

王戶村地處山區(qū)，地質(zhì)土壤肥沃，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品豐富。遺留的夯土墻就是村民以前用來種蘑菇的泥土房遺址。隨著現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展，農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)方式發(fā)生了很大的轉(zhuǎn)變，曾經(jīng)的生產(chǎn)方式逐漸被淘汰甚至遺忘。泥土房遺址就是時間的見證，夯土墻上遺留下的窗口、門洞能夠讓人們聯(lián)想起曾經(jīng)的功能用途。

UAD設(shè)計的“村民之家”亮點是將傳統(tǒng)建筑元素融合到現(xiàn)代的建筑空間中，使其得以傳承。在該項目場地內(nèi)的兩座泥屋遺址旁，設(shè)計師又發(fā)現(xiàn)了另外的夯土墻，詢問當?shù)卮迕癫诺弥?，原來該場地?nèi)有三座蘑菇屋，后因過于破舊而拆除。設(shè)計師巧妙地將這些遺址殘骸設(shè)計成建筑的一部分，使得新建建筑就像是從原有夯土墻中“生長”出來的一樣。這種設(shè)計手法使得傳統(tǒng)建筑元素能夠與現(xiàn)代結(jié)構(gòu)進行有機融合，村莊的建筑形式得以延續(xù)，建筑空間完整協(xié)調(diào)。設(shè)計師在夯土墻旁采用現(xiàn)代混凝土磚墻，使得建筑與周邊環(huán)境相互融合，成為歷史與現(xiàn)代的紐帶。建筑屋頂延續(xù)當?shù)亟ㄖ问讲捎闷挛蓓敚黾哟迕袷褂玫氖煜じ?，整個建筑設(shè)計采用新結(jié)構(gòu)和傳統(tǒng)形制，使得建筑整體更融合于當?shù)氐慕ㄖv史背景中去。

Wanghu Village, located in a mountainous area with fertile soil, is known for its rich agricultural products. Historically, villagers cultivated mushrooms in mud houses with rammed earth walls. However, with modern advancements and declining rural productivity, these old practices have faded from memory. Today, the remnants of these mud houses, including crumbling rammed earth walls, stand as historical witnesses, bearing traces of former windows and doorways that hint at their past usage.
The Villagers’ Home by UAD (find more here) revives these memories by integrating traditional architectural elements into new public spaces. Next to the ruins of two mud houses, additional sections of rammed earth walls were discovered. Local villagers revealed that there were originally three mushroom breeding houses, almost entirely demolished over time. The new design incorporates these remnants, allowing the new building to ‘grow’ naturally out of the old walls. This creates a harmonious blend of new concrete structures and historical fragments, preserving the village’s architectural typology and maintaining its traditional spatial environment. By using modern concrete walls alongside the old rammed earth structures, the design harmonizes with the surrounding environment and bridges the past and present. The sloping roof design continues the local architectural scale and creates familiar spaces for the villagers, ensuring that the new structures resonate with the village’s historical and cultural context.

王戶村“村民之家”有著中國農(nóng)村古老泥屋遺跡第3張圖片

▲ 新與舊的碰撞——攝影：Zhao Qiang
coexistence of old and new | image © Zhao Qiang

王戶村內(nèi)缺少用于展示當?shù)匚幕墓不顒涌臻g，無法滿足村民的物質(zhì)文化需求。由于村落土地面積有限，因此該項目占地很小，充分利用空間，容納多種功能，如在白天，這里可用于商業(yè)或者兒童閱覽，在晚上，則可變成電影放映室或視覺文字展廳，可以展示村落歷史文化和蘑菇生產(chǎn)技術(shù)。多功能空間的設(shè)計方法使得該建筑具有適用性和可持續(xù)發(fā)展性。

這種設(shè)計策略將功能性場所轉(zhuǎn)變成為公共性活動場所，使其空間被重新定義。原有保留的夯土墻上的窗戶是陣列均勻的小窗，這是因墻體結(jié)構(gòu)而限制了洞口大小，進而影響室內(nèi)采光，且蘑菇養(yǎng)殖房對光線要求也極為嚴格。在“村民之家”的建設(shè)中，設(shè)計師在立面上設(shè)計了不同形式種類的窗戶，讓路過的人們可以通過窗戶的變化來感知其室內(nèi)功能的不同。展廳有著角部較大的轉(zhuǎn)折窗，增加了采光，咖啡廳入口采用大面積玻璃窗，可以將室外景觀滲透至室內(nèi)。建筑的坡屋頂上增設(shè)高窗，可遙望山坡景觀，增加其室內(nèi)舒適性，且重構(gòu)建筑與景觀之間的關(guān)系?！按迕裰摇痹O(shè)計積極呼應村中的巷道、民居和周圍的遠山，讓建筑內(nèi)部與外界環(huán)境相互關(guān)聯(lián)，從而發(fā)生更多的視線聯(lián)系以及內(nèi)外之間的感知。

Wanghu Village currently lacks public spaces that can preserve collective culture and meet the material and cultural needs of its residents. Given the limited land available, the activity center is designed to occupy a small area while offering perse, flexible functions. This multifunctional approach maximizes the building’s usage time: during the day, it serves commercial purposes or provides reading spaces for children, and in the evening, it hosts movie screenings for the villagers. The exhibition hall doubles as a space for visual and textual displays, showcasing the village’s history and mushroom processing techniques. By prioritizing full-time utilization, the design ensures adaptability and sustainability.
This functional approach transforms the space from a productive area to a social public venue, redefining the relationship between architecture and the community. The existing windows on the rammed earth walls are small and evenly spaced, limiting larger openings and affecting light requirements, especially for the mushroom breeding houses. To address this, the Villagers’ Home incorporates various window forms, contrasting solid and void elements to highlight different interior functions. The exhibition hall features large corner windows to enhance natural light, while the café’s entrance is equipped with expansive glass windows to maintain a natural ambiance. High windows on the sloping roof facing the hillside introduce natural scenery and improve spatial comfort, redefining the building’s relationship with nature and enhancing visual connections with the village’s alleys, folk houses, and distant mountains. These design elements create a seamless interaction between the interior and exterior environments.

王戶村“村民之家”有著中國農(nóng)村古老泥屋遺跡第4張圖片

▲ 重筑立面——攝影：Zhao Qiang
facade reconstruction | image © Zhao Qiang

▲ 立面上的虛實對比——攝影：Zhao Qiang
contrast between solid and void elements | image © Zhao Qiang

▲ 坡屋頂上的高窗——攝影：Zhao Qiang
high windows on sloping roof | image © Zhao Qiang

▲ 室內(nèi)庭院——攝影：Zhao Qiang
interior courtyard | image © Zhao Qiang

▲ 歷史與現(xiàn)代的對比結(jié)合——攝影：Zhao Qiang
transition between the past and the present | image © Zhao Qiang

▲ 歷史與現(xiàn)代的對比結(jié)合——攝影：Zhao Qiang
transition between the past and the present | image © Zhao Qiang

▲ 室內(nèi)與室內(nèi)空間——攝影：Zhao Qiang
indoor and outdoor spaces | image © Zhao Qiang

▲ 轉(zhuǎn)角窗——攝影：Zhao Qiang
corner windows | image © Zhao Qiang

▲ 延續(xù)本土建筑形體——攝影：Zhao Qiang
continuing the local architectural ‘modulor’ | image © Zhao Qiang

▲ 王戶村“村民之家”夜景——攝影：Zhao Qiang
night scene of the Villagers’ Home in Wanghu Village | image © Zhao Qiang

▲ 沿河街景透視圖——攝影：Zhao Qiang
perspective along the river | image © Zhao Qiang

項目信息：
項目名稱：王戶村“村民之家”
建筑設(shè)計：浙江大學建筑設(shè)計研究院(UAD)
建筑設(shè)計師：Mo Zhoujin, Wu Hegen, Guo Lidong
結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計：Jin Zhenfen, Chen Dong
給排水設(shè)計： Sang Songbiao, Wu Weihao
電氣設(shè)計：Shen Yueqing, Li Zhaoyu
智能設(shè)計： Lin Minjun
景觀設(shè)計：Sun Dongming
位置：中國浙江臺州王戶村
面積：400㎡
攝影：Zhao Qiang

project info:
name: Villagers’ Home in Wanghu Village
architects: The Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University(UAD)
architectural design: Mo Zhoujin, Wu Hegen, Guo Lidong
structural design: Jin Zhenfen, Chen Dong
plumbing design: Sang Songbiao, Wu Weihao
electrical design: Shen Yueqing, Li Zhaoyu
intelligent design: Lin Minjun
landscape design: Sun Dongming
location: Wanghu Village, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
area: 400 sqm
photography: Zhao Qiang

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