布基納法索，原名上沃爾特共和國(guó)。1984年，時(shí)任該國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的托馬斯·?？ɡ?/strong>（Thomas Sankara）將國(guó)名改為“布基納法索”，意為“正人君子之國(guó)”。

Burkina Faso was formerly known as the Republic of Upper Volta. In 1984, Thomas Sankara, who was the leader of the country at that time, changed the country's name to "Burkina Faso", which means "the land of upright men".

這位被稱為“非洲的切·格瓦拉”的共產(chǎn)主義革命家，上任后致力于消除腐敗和法國(guó)殖民影響，在農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)療、教育、法治、婦女解放等方面都提出了進(jìn)步政策并認(rèn)真推行。布基納法索一度呈現(xiàn)一片欣欣向榮的景象。

The seminal thinker and change-maker Thomas Sankara, upon taking office, dedicated himself to eliminating corruption and the influence of French colonialism. He put forward and earnestly implemented progressive policies in various fields such as agriculture, healthcare, education, the rule of law, and women's liberation. Burkina Faso once presented a thriving scene.

然而1987年，?？ɡ谡冎斜粴⒑?，年僅37歲。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)政變的是他原本的盟友及摯友布萊斯·孔波雷（Blaise Compaoré）?？撞ɡ捉y(tǒng)治期間，布基納法索的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭就此被打斷，引發(fā)無(wú)數(shù)人嘆息。時(shí)至今日，這個(gè)西非小國(guó)的歷史上，沒有任何一位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人像?？ɡ粯颖蝗朔磸?fù)提起。[1]

However, in 1987, Sankara was killed in a coup at the age of only 37. The coup was led by his former ally and close friend, Blaise Compaoré. During Compaoré's rule, the development momentum of Burkina Faso was interrupted, which led to countless sighs. To this day, in the history of this small West African country, no other leader has been mentioned as frequently as Sankara.

出生于布基納法索的普利茲克獎(jiǎng)得主弗朗西斯·凱雷（Francis Kéré），1985年離開祖國(guó)到柏林勤工儉學(xué)，此時(shí)正值?？ɡI(lǐng)導(dǎo)布基納法索時(shí)期，因此凱雷深知這位革命領(lǐng)袖在人們心中的地位。

Francis Kéré, a Pritzker Prize laureate born in Burkina Faso, left his motherland in 1985 to work and study in Berlin. This was precisely the period when Sankara was leading Burkina Faso, so Kéré was well aware of the status of this revolutionary leader in people's hearts.

當(dāng)凱雷被要求在托馬斯·?？ɡ粴⒑Φ牡胤?，為其建設(shè)紀(jì)念館，他將如何設(shè)計(jì)？

When Kéré was asked to build a memorial for Thomas Sankara at the place where he was killed, how would he design it?

托馬斯·?？ɡo(jì)念館由一系列公共設(shè)施構(gòu)成，包括位于其中央的一座紀(jì)念塔，一個(gè)多媒體圖書館，餐廳、工作室、商店、辦公室以及其他多功能設(shè)施。

A number of public amenities make up the Memorial Thomas Sankara, including a tower at its centre, restaurants, ateliers, a media library, shops and offices alongside other multi-use facilities.

一條設(shè)有緩坡的綠色步道貫穿整個(gè)場(chǎng)地，游客可以沿著步道了解托馬斯·?？ɡ?983年領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的革命的理念和核心主題。

Weaving through the site is a green walkway with gentle ramps where visitors can discover the ideals and core themes of the 1983 revolution led by Thomas Sankara.

設(shè)計(jì)的總體目標(biāo)是展現(xiàn)這場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)背后所蘊(yùn)含的人文主義和普世抱負(fù)。設(shè)計(jì)還希望強(qiáng)調(diào)，桑卡拉推動(dòng)的普及教育、糧食自給自足以及婦女解放等主張，至今仍然是該國(guó)至關(guān)重要的議題。

The overarching objective is to illustrate the humanistic and universal ambitions that guided this struggle. Most importantly, Sankara’s push for universal education, food self-sufficiency and women’s emancipation, which are all key topics that remain relevant to this day.

事務(wù)所的設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明中寫道：紀(jì)念館的設(shè)計(jì)方案反映著革命的發(fā)生。革命被理解為方向的改變和現(xiàn)狀的轉(zhuǎn)變，它也充滿了模糊性。它既是必要的更新，也是破裂的暗示，有時(shí)是和平的，但往往是殘酷的。

The design proposal for the memorial reflects the genesis of revolution. Understood as a change in direction and a shift in the status quo, revolution is also imbued with ambiguity. It is both renewal as necessity and the implication of rupture, sometimes peaceful, but often brutal.

紀(jì)念塔被特意設(shè)計(jì)為87米高，矗立在1987年?？ɡ八?2位同道者被殺害的地點(diǎn)，建成后將成為布基納法索首都的城市地標(biāo)。紀(jì)念塔在瓦加杜古天際線中的位置，時(shí)刻提醒著人們?？ɡ目?fàn)帒B(tài)度、驕傲姿態(tài)和堅(jiān)韌精神。

The 87 m tower in particular is to serve as an urban landmark for the Burkinabè capital, and stands on the site of the 1987 assassination of Sankara and his comrades. Its position in the Ouagadougou skyline serves as a reminder of Sankara’s breakaway attitude, proud posture and resilience.

槍擊事件所在的建筑被保留，作為紀(jì)念館的核心，建筑四周以水面環(huán)繞。這里營(yíng)造出一個(gè)緬懷他們的區(qū)域，為紀(jì)念活動(dòng)提供了一個(gè)寧?kù)o的環(huán)境。

The building where the attack took place is preserved as the heart of the memorial, surrounded by water. This creates an area to pay tribute to their memory and provides a quiet environment for remembrance.

游客可以通過(guò)一條螺旋坡道登上紀(jì)念塔樓。這條路徑故意設(shè)計(jì)得又長(zhǎng)又難，以呼吁人們不要畏懼變革之艱難。

Visitors are invited to climb the structure using a helicoidal ramp. The path is purposefully long and demanding, emulating the call not to fear the challenging road to change.

克服困難走完這條蜿蜒的路徑后，游客將從一個(gè)獨(dú)特的視角欣賞到整個(gè)城市的壯麗景色，那里還有一家餐廳，頂面形狀呼應(yīng)了布基納法索的輪廓。

Tackling the winding route is rewarded with stunning views across the city from a unique vantage point, which also features a restaurant shaped as the contour of Burkina Faso.

懸掛式纜車艙為老年人和其他行動(dòng)不便的人提供了登上塔頂?shù)耐緩健?/p>

A suspended funicular cabin provides access to the summit for older people and other abled.

項(xiàng)目將建筑融入現(xiàn)有景觀，同時(shí)將創(chuàng)新放在首位。紀(jì)念館將成為瓦加杜古（布基納法索首都）城市綠帶發(fā)展計(jì)劃中不可或缺的一部分，成為城市的“綠肺”。

The project takes a conciliatory attitude to this seeming discrepancy. The aim is the integration of a structure into an existing landscape while putting innovation at the fore. The memorial is to be an integral part of the Ouagadougou Green Belt urban development plan, acting as a green lung for the city.

這座創(chuàng)新且環(huán)保的公共景點(diǎn)在布基納法索及其薩赫勒地區(qū)的鄰國(guó)中獨(dú)樹一幟，將無(wú)差別地向所有人開放。

Unique in Burkina Faso and among its Sahelian neighbours, this innovative and green public attraction is to be open to all without distinction.

項(xiàng)目正在建設(shè)中，其第一階段（陵墓）預(yù)計(jì)2025年上半年完工。

It was recently announced that the project’s first stage, the Mausoleum, is under construction with completion slated for the first half of 2025.

完整項(xiàng)目信息

Date: 2017 -
Site: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Size: 9,760 sqm
Client: CIM-TS (Comité International du Mémorial Thomas Sankara)
Lead Architect: Francis Kéré, Jeanne Autran-Edorh (bis 11/2021)
Design Team: Leonne Zoe-V?gelin, Andrea Maretto, Kinan Deeb, Jeanne Autran-Edorh, N’Faly Isma?l Camara, Roberto Rodríguez Martínez, Javier Mola Cárdenes
Contributors: Cloé Collet, Orsola Carraro, Maysha Mussonghora, Valentin Billhardt, Linda Hei?, Vincenzo Salierno, Nina Tescari

注：[1] 引自中國(guó)駐布基納法索大使館公眾號(hào)文章。

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