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2.5.3  作為BIM環(huán)境

BIM時(shí)代伊始，人們認(rèn)為單獨(dú)的一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序就能滿足所有層面上的需求：作為工具、作為平臺(tái)以及作為環(huán)境。隨著人們理解了BIM項(xiàng)目的體量和支持應(yīng)用程序的系統(tǒng)，這種理想主義便慢慢地減弱了。用于全局支持高級(jí)BIM項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)重要能力是在一個(gè)多重平臺(tái)和多重表現(xiàn)的環(huán)境中支持工作。一個(gè)BIM環(huán)境要有生成和儲(chǔ)存構(gòu)件實(shí)例以用于不同工具和平臺(tái)并能高效管理數(shù)據(jù)的能力，包括在構(gòu)件級(jí)別的變更管理。第三章的第3.5節(jié)著重討論了這方面。這一點(diǎn)可通過(guò)任何時(shí)候修改項(xiàng)目而發(fā)生更新的變更小旗和時(shí)間戳來(lái)處理。目的是轉(zhuǎn)換和管理構(gòu)件以及構(gòu)件集而不是文件。

接下來(lái)我們概述了主流建筑模型生成平臺(tái)的最新功能。有些平臺(tái)僅支持建筑設(shè)計(jì)功能，另一些只支持各種類型的加工級(jí)別的建筑系統(tǒng)，還有一些平臺(tái)在這兩方面都能支持。下述每個(gè)評(píng)估都是針對(duì)所述軟件系統(tǒng)的版本；后續(xù)的版本可能會(huì)有更好或者更糟的功能。我們根據(jù)之前所述的準(zhǔn)則來(lái)審視這些平臺(tái)。

2.6  BIM平臺(tái)

BIM平臺(tái)能以多種方式用于建筑建設(shè)：例如建筑師用它來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)模型并出圖，工程師用它做結(jié)構(gòu)或者能源數(shù)據(jù)管理，承包商用它來(lái)做施工協(xié)調(diào)模型、加工深化或設(shè)施管理；他們包含了不同類型的工具功能。有些平臺(tái)的市場(chǎng)定位于多類型用戶。不同的營(yíng)銷戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)致軟件安裝包中不同的功能集合。在此，我們不去解決這些不同的用處，而是從平臺(tái)的主要產(chǎn)品的角度，并參照其它在同類平臺(tái)上運(yùn)行的其它產(chǎn)品來(lái)考量主要的BIM平臺(tái)。他們的應(yīng)用與局限會(huì)在后面與不同類型的BIM用戶相關(guān)的章節(jié)中明確闡述。我們從第2.3節(jié)（回復(fù)B32查看）中所述的三個(gè)層面考量每一種平臺(tái)：作為工具、作為平臺(tái)、作為環(huán)境。

眾所周知，獲取軟件安裝包非常不同于大多數(shù)其他采購(gòu)。雖然采購(gòu)汽車是基于非常具體的產(chǎn)品和屬性組，而軟件安裝包同時(shí)包括其最新功能以及定期發(fā)布（至少每年發(fā)布）的增強(qiáng)功能的開(kāi)發(fā)路徑。購(gòu)買者買的既有當(dāng)前最新的產(chǎn)品也有軟件公司對(duì)其產(chǎn)品未來(lái)的發(fā)展計(jì)劃。購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品的人也是在購(gòu)買該公司內(nèi)至少一人將會(huì)使用的支持系統(tǒng)。該支持系統(tǒng)是對(duì)用戶提供的文檔的增強(qiáng)也是嵌置在BIM工具中的在線支持。除了供應(yīng)商的支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)，軟件持有者也是更廣泛用戶社區(qū)的一部分。大多數(shù)平臺(tái)提供了博客溝通用于點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)幫助和用于構(gòu)件族轉(zhuǎn)換的開(kāi)放門(mén)戶。這些可能是免費(fèi)的或低成本的。在獲取BIM平臺(tái)時(shí)，也應(yīng)該將這些考慮進(jìn)去。

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2.5.2  As a BIM Environment

At the beginning of the BIM age, it was thought that a single application could serve the needs at all three levels: as a tool, as a platform, and as an environ- ment. That idealism has slowly waned, as the scale of a BIM project and the systems to support it have become understood. An important capability needed to globally support advanced BIM projects is to support work in a multiplat- form and multipresentation environment. A BIM environment needs the ability to generate and store object instances for different tools and platforms and to manage that data effectively, including change management at the object level. This issue is addressed more centrally in Chapter 3, Section 3.5. This can be handled by a change flag or a timestamp that gets updated whenever an object is modified. The goal is to exchange and manage objects and sets of objects rather than files.

Below we offer an overview of the current capabilities of the major building model generation platforms. Some reviewed support only architectural design functions, others only various types of fabrication-level building systems, and others both. Each assessment is for the version of the software system noted; later versions may have better or worse capabilities. We review them according to the criteria developed  above.

2.6  BIM PLATFORMS

BIM platforms may be used in perse ways in building construction: by the architect for design modeling and drawing production, by an engineer for structural or energy data management, by a contractor for developing a construction coordination model, for fabrication detailing or for facility management, for example; they include varying types of tool functionality. Some are marketed to multiple types of user. The different marketing strategies lead to packages with different collections of functionality. In this review, we do not address these different uses but consider the major BIM platforms generically, from the perspective of its primary product, with references to other products running on the same platform. Their uses and limitations will be considered more explicitly in the chapters associated with the different types of BIM users. We consider each platform from the three levels outlined in Section 2.3: as a tool, as a platform, and as an   environment.

As is broadly understood, the acquisition of a software package is very dif- ferent from most other purchases we make. Whereas the purchase of a car is based on a very specific product and set of features, a software package involves both its current capabilities and the development path of enhancements that are released regularly, at least annually. A purchaser is buying into both the current product and its future evolutions, as projected by the company. One is also purchasing a support system that at least one person in a firm will be dealing with. The support system is an augmentation of the user-provided documentation and online support built into the BIM tool. Apart from the vendor’s support network, a software system owner is also part of a broader user community. Most provide blog communication for peer-to-peer help and open portals for the exchange of object families. These may be free or available at a small cost. These also should be considered in the acquisition of a BIM platform.

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